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Hank Aaron
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Hank Aaron's
Message to the Fans
Biography
Henry Louis "Hank" Aaron (born February 5,
1934 in Mobile, Alabama), nicknamed "Hammer", "Hammerin' Hank”, or "Bad Henry”,
is a retired American baseball player whose Major League Baseball (MLB) career
spanned from 1954 through 1976. After playing with the Indianapolis Clowns of
the Negro American League and in the minor leagues, Aaron started his Major
League Baseball career in 1954. He played 21 seasons with the Milwaukee and
Atlanta Braves in the National League, and his last two years (1975-1976) with
the Milwaukee Brewers in the American League. Throughout his career, Aaron had
many accomplishments and records. His most notable achievement was setting the
MLB record for most career home runs with 755, which he held for 33 years until
being surpassed by San Francisco Giants outfielder Barry Bonds on August 7,
2007.
During his professional career, Aaron performed at a consistently high level for
an extended period of time. He hit 24 or more home runs every year from 1955
through 1973, and is the only player to hit 30 or more home runs in a season at
least 15 times. He is one of only four players to have at least
17 seasons with 150 or more hits. Aaron made the All-Star team
every year from 1955 until 1975[1] and won three Rawlings Gold Glove Awards. In
1957 he won the National League Most Valuable Player Award, while that same
year, the Milwaukee Braves won the World Series. It was Aaron's one World Series
victory during his career as a player.
Aaron's consistency helped him to establish a number of important hitting
records during his 23-year career. Aaron holds the MLB records for the most
career runs batted in (2,297), the most career extra base hits (1,477), and the
most career total bases (6,856). He is also in the top five for career hits with
3,771 (3rd) and runs with 2,174 (tied for 4th with Babe Ruth). He also is in
second place in At-bats (12,364) and in third place in Games (3,298).
To honor Aaron's contributions to Major League Baseball, MLB created the Hank
Aaron Award, an annual award given to the hitters voted the most effective in
each respective league. He is the last Negro league baseball player to play in
the major leagues.[2] He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982,
his first year of eligibility.
In 1999, editors at The Sporting News ranked Hank Aaron 5th on their list of
"Baseball's 100 Greatest Players". That same year, baseball fans named Aaron to
the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.
****
Outfielder
Born: February 5, 1934 (1934-02-05) (age 74)
Mobile, Alabama
Batted: Right Threw: Right
MLB debut
April 13, 1954
for the Milwaukee Braves
Final game
October 3, 1976
for the Milwaukee Brewers
Career statistics
Batting average .305
Home runs 755
Hits 3,771
Teams
Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1954-1974)
Milwaukee Brewers (1975-1976)
Career highlights and awards
21x All-Star selection (1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963,
1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975)
1957 NL MVP
3x Gold Glove Award winner (1958, 1959, 1960)
1970 Lou Gehrig Memorial Award
World Series champion (1957)
2nd on all-time home run list with 755
3rd on all-time hits list with 3,771
MLB Records:
6,856 total bases
2,297 RBI
1,477 extra-base hits
17 consecutive seasons with 150 or more hits
Member of the National
Baseball Hall of Fame
Elected 1982
Vote 97.83% (first ballot)
****
Early life
Hank Aaron was born in Mobile, Alabama to Herbert and Estella Aaron. By the time
his parents were finished having children, Aaron had seven siblings; Tommie
Aaron, one of his brothers, also went on to play Major League Baseball. By the
time Aaron retired, he and his brother held the record for most career home runs
by a pair of siblings (768). They were also the first siblings to appear in a
League Championship Series as teammates.[3]
While he was born in a section of town referred to as 'Down the Bay', he spent
most of his youth in Toulminville. Aaron grew up poor and his family couldn't
afford baseball equipment so he had to hit bottle caps with sticks. Aaron
attended Central High School as a freshman and a sophomore. There he played
outfield and third base on the baseball team and helped lead his team to the
Negro High School Championship both years.[4][5] During this time, he also
excelled in football. His success on the football field led to several football
scholarship offers.[6] However, Aaron turned these down to pursue a career in
major league baseball. Although he batted cross-handed (that is, as a
right-handed hitter, with his left hand above his right), a somewhat
unconventional batting method, Aaron had already established himself as a top
power hitter.[6] As a result, in 1949, at the age of 15, Aaron had his first
tryout with a MLB franchise. Aaron tried to make the Brooklyn Dodgers; however,
his tryout did not go well and he did not make the team.[7] After the tryout,
Aaron returned to school to finish his secondary education. His last two years
were spent at the Josephine Allen Institute, a private high school in Alabama.
During his junior year, Aaron joined the Mobile Black Bears, an independent
Negro league team. While on the Bears, Aaron earned $10 per game.[6]
Aaron's major league career began on November 20, 1951, baseball scout Ed Scott
signed Aaron to a contract on behalf of the Indianapolis Clowns.[8]
Negro league career
After relocating to Indianapolis, 18-year-old Aaron helped the Clowns win the
1952 Negro League World Series.[8] As a result of his standout play, Aaron
received two telegram offers from MLB teams. One offer was from the New York
Giants and the other from the Boston Braves (who would move to Milwaukee the
following year). Aaron elected to play for the Braves, who purchased him from
the Clowns for $10,000.[8] On June 14, 1952, Aaron signed with Braves' scout
Dewey Griggs.[8] During this time, he picked up the nickname "pork chops" for
eating strictly pork chops and french fries while traveling with his team.
Minor league career
The Braves assigned Aaron to the Eau Claire Bears, the Braves' Northern League
Class-C farm team. The 1952 season proved to be very beneficial for Aaron.
Playing in the infield, Aaron continued to develop as a ballplayer and in fact
made the Northern League's All-Star team. He broke his habit of hitting
cross-handed and adopted the standard hitting technique. By the end of the
season, he had performed so well that the league named him the unanimous choice
for Rookie of the Year.[7] Though he appeared in just 87 games, he scored 89
runs, had 116 hits, 9 home runs, and 61 RBI. In addition, Aaron hit for a .336
batting average.
In 1953, the Braves promoted him to the Jacksonville Tars, their Class-A
affiliate in the Sally League. Helped in large part by Aaron's performance on
the field, the Tars won the league championship that year. Aaron led the league
in runs (115), hits (208), doubles (36), RBI (125), total bases (338), and
batting average (.362). He won the league's Most Valuable Player Award and had
such a dominant year that one sportswriter was prompted to say, "Henry Aaron led
the league in everything except hotel accommodations".[5] Aaron's time with the
Tars did not come without problems. He was one of the first five African
Americans to play in the league.[8] The 1950s were a period of racial
segregation in the United States, especially in the southeastern portion of the
country. When Aaron traveled around Jacksonville, Florida and the surrounding
areas, he was often separated from his team because of Jim Crow laws. In most
circumstances, the team was responsible for arranging housing and meals for its
players; Aaron often had to make his own arrangements.[8] The Tars' manager, Ben
Geraghty, tried his best to help Aaron on and off the field. Former Braves minor
league player and sportswriter Pat Jordan said, "Aaron gave [Geraghty] much of
the credit for his own swift rise to stardom."[9]
1953 also proved notable to Aaron off the field. Aaron met a woman by the name
of Barbara Lewis. The night he met her, Lewis decided to attend the Tars' game.
Aaron singled, doubled, and hit a home run in the game. On October 6, 1953,
Aaron and Lewis married.[7]
Before being promoted to the Major League team, Aaron spent the winter of 1953
playing in Puerto Rico. Mickey Owen, the team's manager, who helped Aaron with
his batting stance. After working with Owen, Aaron was better able to hit the
ball effectively all over the field. Previously, Aaron was only able to hit for
power when he hit the ball to Left field or Center field.[7] It was during his
stay in Puerto Rico that the Braves requested that Aaron start playing in the
outfield. This was the first time Aaron had played any position other than
shortstop or second base with the Braves.[7]
Major League Baseball career
On March 13, 1954, Milwaukee Braves left fielder Bobby Thomson broke his ankle
while sliding into second base during a spring training game. The next day,
Aaron made his first spring training start for the Braves' major league team,
playing in left field and hitting a home run.[5] On April 13, 1954, Aaron made
his major league debut and went 0-for-5 against the Cincinnati Reds' Joe Nuxhall.[5]
In the same game, Eddie Mathews hit two home runs, the first of a record 863
home runs the pair would hit as teammates. On April 15, 1954, Aaron collected
his first major league hit, a single off Cardinals pitcher Vic Raschi. Aaron hit
his first Major League home run eight days later on April 23, also off Raschi.
Over the next 122 games, Aaron batted .280 with 13 homers before he suffered a
broken ankle on September 5.
Prime of career
In 1955, Aaron made his first All-Star team; it was the first of a record-tying
24 All-Star Games appearances. He finished the season with a .314 average, 27
home runs and 106 RBI. Aaron hit .328 in 1956 and captured first of two NL
batting titles. He was also named The Sporting News NL Player of the Year.
In 1957, Aaron won his only NL MVP Award. He batted .322 and led the league in
home runs and runs batted in. On September 23, 1957, Aaron hit a two-run home
run in the 11th inning of a game against the Cardinals. The win clinched the
Braves' first pennant in Milwaukee and Aaron was carried off the field by his
teammates. Milwaukee went on to win the World Series against the Yankees. Aaron
did his part by hitting .393 with three homers and seven RBI.
In 1958, Aaron hit .326, with 30 home runs and 95 RBIs. He led the Braves to
another pennant, but this time they lost a seven-game World Series to the
Yankees. Aaron finished third in the MVP race, but he picked up his first Gold
Glove.
During the next several years, Aaron had some of his best games and best seasons
as a major league player. On June 21, 1959 against the San Francisco Giants, he
hit three two-run home runs. It was the only time in his career that he hit
three home runs in a game.[10]
Aaron nearly won the triple crown in 1963. He led the league with 44 home runs
and 130 RBI and finished third in batting average.[11] In that season, Aaron
became the third player to steal 30 bases and hit 30 home runs in a single
season. Despite that, he again finished third in the MVP voting.
The Braves moved from Milwaukee to Atlanta, Georgia after the 1965 season.
Home run milestones
During his days in Atlanta, Aaron reached a number of milestones. He was only
the eighth player ever to hit 500 career home runs. At the time, he was the
second youngest player to reach that plateau.[12]
On July 31, 1969, Aaron hit his 537th home run, passing Mickey Mantle. This
moved him into third place on the career home run list behind Willie Mays and
Babe Ruth. At the end of the season, Aaron again finished 3rd in the MVP voting.
The next year Aaron reached two career milestones. On May 17, 1970 Aaron
collected his 3,000th hit. This was done in a game against the Cincinnati Reds,
the team against which he played his first game.[13] He was the first player to
get 3,000 career hits and 500 career home runs. Also during that year, Aaron
established the record for most seasons with 30 or more home runs in the
National League.
On April 27, 1971, Aaron hit his 600th career home run, the third player ever to
do so. On July 31, Aaron hit a home run in the All-Star Game (played at
Detroit's Tiger Stadium) for the first time. He hit his 40th home run of the
season against the Giants' Jerry Johnson on August 10. This established a
National League record for most seasons with 40 or more home runs (seven). He
hit 47 home runs during the season, and finished third in MVP voting for the 6th
time.
During the strike shortened season of 1972, Aaron tied and then surpassed Willie
Mays for second place on the career home run list. Aaron also knocked in the
2,000th run of his career and hit a home run in the first All-Star game in
Atlanta. As the year came to a close, Aaron broke Stan Musial's major league
record for total bases (6,134).
While many expected Aaron to break Ruth's home run record in 1973, a key moment
of the season came on August 6. This was Hank Aaron Day in Wisconsin and the
Atlanta Braves played the Milwaukee Brewers in an exhibition game. The guests in
attendance included Aaron's first manager with the Braves, "Jolly Cholly" Grimm,
his teammate from Jacksonville, Felix Mantilla, Eau Claire president Ron
Berganson, and Del Crandall, the catcher for the 1957 World Champion Braves and
the current manager of the Brewers.[14]
The only position that the Braves wanted Aaron to play was as the Designated
Hitter because the game was held in an American League park. However, at that
time the National League prohibited use of the DH even in scrimmages. Due to the
fact that National League president Chub Feeney could not be reached, it was
left up to the umpire, Bruce Froemming to make a decision. Froemming ignored the
rule and allowed Aaron to be the DH for the Braves. Later on, National League
officials ignored the infraction.[15]
Breaking Ruth's record
Although Aaron himself downplayed the "chase" to surpass Babe Ruth, baseball
enthusiasts and the national media grew increasingly excited as he closed in on
the home run record. During the summer of 1973 Aaron received thousands of
letters every week; the Braves ended up hiring a secretary to help him sort
through it.[16]
At the age of 39, Aaron managed to slug 40 home runs in 392 at-bats, ending the
season one home run short of the record. He hit home run number 713 on September
29, 1973, and with one day remaining in the season, many expected him to tie the
record. But in his final game that year, playing against the Houston Astros (led
by manager Leo Durocher, who had once roomed with Babe Ruth), he was unable to
hit one out of the park. After the game, Aaron stated that his only fear was
that he might not live to see the 1974 season. [17]
Over the winter, Aaron was the recipient of death threats and a large assortment
of hate mail from people who did not want to see a black man break Ruth's nearly
sacrosanct home run record.[18] The threats extended to those providing positive
press coverage of Aaron. Lewis Grizzard, then editor of the Atlanta Journal,
reported receiving numerous phone calls calling them "nigger lovers" for
covering Aaron's chase. While preparing the massive coverage of the home run
record, he quietly had an obituary written, scared that Aaron might be
murdered.[19]
Sports Illustrated pointedly summarized the racist vitriol that Aaron was forced
to endure:
"Is this to be the year in which Aaron, at the age of thirty-nine, takes a moon
walk above one of the most hallowed individual records in American sport...? Or
will it be remembered as the season in which Aaron, the most dignified of
athletes, was besieged with hate mail and trapped by the cobwebs and goblins
that lurk in baseball's attic?"[20]
Aaron received an outpouring of public support in response to the bigotry. Babe
Ruth's widow, Claire Hodgson, even denounced the racism and declared that her
husband would have enthusiastically cheered Aaron's attempt at the record.[21]
As the 1974 season began, Aaron's pursuit of the home run record caused a small
controversy. The Braves opened the season on the road in Cincinnati with a three
game series against the Reds. Braves management wanted him to break the record
in Atlanta, and were therefore going to have Aaron sit out the first three games
of the season. But Baseball Commissioner Bowie Kuhn ruled that he had to play
two games in the first series. He played two out of three, tying Babe Ruth's
record in his very first at bat off Reds pitcher Jack Billingham, but did not
hit another home run in the series.[22
The team returned to Atlanta, and on April 8, 1974, a crowd of 53,775 people
showed up for the game — a Braves attendance record. In the 4th inning, Aaron
hit career home run number 715 off L.A. Dodgers pitcher Al Downing. Although
Dodgers outfielder Bill Buckner nearly went over the outfield wall trying to
catch it, the ball landed in the Braves bullpen, where relief pitcher Tom House
caught it. While cannons were fired in celebration, two white college students
sprinted onto the field and jogged alongside Aaron as he circled the base paths.
As the fans cheered wildly, Aaron's mother ran onto the field as well.
A few months later, on October 5, 1974, Aaron hit his 733rd and final home run
as a Brave, which stood as the National League's home run record until it was
broken by Barry Bonds in 2006. Thirty days later, the Braves traded Aaron to the
Milwaukee Brewers for Roger Alexander and Dave May. Because the Brewers were an
American League team, he was able to extend his career by taking advantage of
the designated hitter rule. On May 1, 1975, Aaron broke baseball's all-time RBI
record, previously held by Ruth with 2,217. That year, he also made the last of
his 24 All-Star appearances; it, like his first in 1955, was before a home crowd
at Milwaukee County Stadium.
On July 20, 1976, Hank Aaron hit his 755th and final home run at Milwaukee
County Stadium off Dick Drago of the California Angels.
Post-playing career
On August 1, 1982 Hank Aaron was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame and
received votes on 97.8 percent of the ballots, second to only Ty Cobb, who
received votes on 98.2% of the ballot in the inaugural 1936 Hall of Fame
election.[23] Aaron was then named the Braves' vice president and director of
player development. This made him one of the first minorities in Major League
Baseball upper-level management.[24]
Since December 1989, he has served as senior vice president and assistant to the
Braves' president.[24] He is the corporate vice president of community relations
for TBS, a member of the company's board of directors and the vice president of
business development for The Airport Network.[24]
On May 16, 2007, Major League baseball announced the sale of the Atlanta Braves.
In that announcement, Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig also announced that Aaron
would be playing a major role in the management of Atlanta Braves. He will be
forming programs through Major League Baseball that will encourage the influx of
minorities into baseball.[25][26]
On February 5, 1999, at his 65th birthday celebration, Major League Baseball
announced the introduction of the Hank Aaron Award.[27] The award was set to
honor the best overall offensive performer in the American and National League.
It was the first major award to be introduced in more than thirty years and it
was also the first award named after a player who was still alive.[28] Later
that year, he ranked number 5 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest
Baseball Players,[29] and was elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century
Team.[30]
In July 2000 and again in July 2002, Aaron threw out the ceremonial first pitch
at the Major League Baseball All-Star Game, played at Turner Field and Miller
Park, respectively.
In June 2002, Aaron received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's
highest civilian honor.[31]
His autobiography I Had a Hammer was published in 1990. The book's title is a
play on his nickname, "The Hammer" or "Hammerin' Hank". Aaron now owns Hank
Aaron BMW of south Atlanta in Union City, Georgia, where he gives an autographed
baseball with every car sold.[32] Aaron also owns Mini, Jaguar, Land Rover,
Toyota, Hyundai and Honda dealerships throughout Georgia, as part of the Hank
Aaron Automotive Group. Aaron sold all but the Toyota dealership in McDonough in
2007.[33]
Statues of Aaron stand outside the front entrance of both Turner Field and
Miller Park. Aaron also has a statue of him as an 18-year-old shortstop outside
of Carson Park in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, where he played his first season in the
Braves' minor league system.
In April 1997, a new baseball facility for the AA Mobile Bay Bears constructed
in Aaron's hometown of Mobile, Alabama was named Hank Aaron Stadium.
In 2006, a recreational trail in Milwaukee connecting Miller Park with Lake
Michigan along the Menomonee River was dedicated as the "Hank Aaron State
Trail." Hank Aaron was on hand for the dedication along with Wisconsin Governor
Jim Doyle, who at the ceremony described himself as a boyhood fan of Aaron's.
Home run record eclipsed by Barry Bonds
During the 2006 season, S.F. Giants slugger Barry Bonds passed Babe Ruth and
moved into 2nd place on the all-time home run list, attracting growing media
coverage as he drew ever closer to Aaron's record. Playing off of the intense
interest in their perceived rivalry, Aaron and Bonds made a television
commercial that aired during Super Bowl XLI, shortly before the start of the
2007 baseball season, in which Aaron jokingly tried to persuade Bonds to retire
before breaking the record.[34]
As Bonds began to close in on the record during the 2007 season, Aaron let it be
known that, although he recognized Bonds' achievements, he would not be present
when Bonds broke the record.[1] There was considerable speculation that this was
a snubbing of Bonds based on the widespread belief that Bonds had used
performance-enhancing steroids to power his achievement. However, some observers
looked back to Aaron's personal history, pointing out that he had downplayed his
own breaking of Babe Ruth's all-time record and suggesting that Aaron was simply
treating Bonds in a similar fashion. In a later interview with Atlanta
sportscasting personality Chris Dimino, Aaron made it clear that his reluctance
to attend any celebration of a new home run record was based upon his personal
conviction that baseball is not about breaking records, but simply playing to
the best of your potential.[2]
After Bonds hit his record-breaking 756th home run on August 7, 2007, Aaron made
a surprise appearance on the JumboTron video screen at AT&T Park in San
Francisco to congratulate Bonds on his accomplishment:
“ I would like to offer my congratulations to Barry Bonds on becoming baseball's
career home run leader. It is a great accomplishment which required skill,
longevity, and determination. Throughout the past century, the home run has held
a special place in baseball and I have been privileged to hold this record for
33 of those years. I move over now and offer my best wishes to Barry and his
family on this historical achievement. My hope today, as it was on that April
evening in 1974, is that the achievement of this record will inspire others to
chase their own dreams. ”
Career statistics
| Season |
G |
AB |
R |
H |
HR |
RBI |
BB |
SO |
Avg. |
SLG |
| 1954 |
122 |
468 |
58 |
131 |
13 |
69 |
28 |
39 |
.280 |
.447 |
| 1955 |
153 |
602 |
105 |
189 |
27 |
106 |
49 |
61 |
.314 |
.540 |
| 1956 |
153 |
609 |
106 |
200 |
26 |
92 |
37 |
54 |
.328 |
.558 |
| 1957 |
151 |
615 |
118 |
198 |
44 |
132 |
57 |
58 |
.322 |
.600 |
| 1958 |
153 |
601 |
108 |
196 |
30 |
95 |
59 |
49 |
.326 |
.546 |
| 1959 |
154 |
629 |
116 |
223 |
39 |
123 |
51 |
54 |
.355 |
.636 |
| 1960 |
153 |
590 |
102 |
172 |
40 |
126 |
60 |
63 |
.292 |
.566 |
| 1961 |
155 |
603 |
115 |
197 |
34 |
120 |
56 |
64 |
.327 |
.594 |
| 1962 |
156 |
592 |
127 |
191 |
45 |
128 |
66 |
73 |
.323 |
.618 |
| 1963 |
161 |
631 |
121 |
201 |
44 |
130 |
78 |
94 |
.319 |
.586 |
| 1964 |
145 |
570 |
103 |
187 |
24 |
95 |
62 |
46 |
.328 |
.514 |
| 1965 |
150 |
570 |
109 |
181 |
32 |
89 |
60 |
81 |
.318 |
.560 |
| 1966 |
158 |
603 |
117 |
168 |
44 |
127 |
76 |
96 |
.279 |
.539 |
| 1967 |
155 |
600 |
113 |
184 |
39 |
109 |
63 |
97 |
.307 |
.573 |
| 1968 |
160 |
606 |
84 |
174 |
29 |
86 |
64 |
62 |
.287 |
.498 |
| 1969 |
147 |
547 |
100 |
164 |
44 |
97 |
87 |
47 |
.300 |
.607 |
| 1970 |
150 |
516 |
130 |
154 |
38 |
118 |
74 |
63 |
.298 |
.574 |
| 1971 |
139 |
495 |
95 |
162 |
47 |
118 |
71 |
58 |
.327 |
.669 |
| 1972 |
129 |
449 |
75 |
119 |
34 |
77 |
92 |
55 |
.265 |
.514 |
| 1973 |
120 |
392 |
84 |
118 |
40 |
96 |
68 |
51 |
.301 |
.643 |
| 1974 |
112 |
340 |
47 |
91 |
20 |
69 |
39 |
29 |
.268 |
.491 |
| 1975 |
137 |
465 |
45 |
109 |
12 |
60 |
70 |
51 |
.234 |
.355 |
| 1976 |
85 |
271 |
22 |
62 |
10 |
35 |
35 |
38 |
.229 |
.368 |
| Career Statistics |
3,298 |
12,364 |
2,174 |
3,771 |
755 |
2,297 |
1,402 |
1,383 |
.305 |
.555 |
****
References
^ 23 of Aaron's 24 All-Star appearances were for the National League team.
During his final appearance in 1975, the Milwaukee Brewers were a member of the
American League. Currently, Milwaukee plays in the National League.
^ Cached BBHOF Bio. baseballhalloffame.org. Retrieved on 2007-07-11.
^ Baseball Page Bio. thebaseballpage.com. Retrieved on 2007-07-10.
^ Kappes, Serena. (2005) Hank Aaron, Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN
978-0-8225-3069-5.
^ a b c d Allen, Bob & Bill Gilbert. (1999) The 500 Home Run Club, Sports
Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-1-58261-031-3.
^ a b c Hank Aaron Biography. jrank.org. Retrieved on 2007-07-10.
^ a b c d e Early Years. angelfire.com. Retrieved on 2007-07-10.
^ a b c d e f Hank Aaron Biography. jrank.org. Retrieved on 2007-07-10.
^ Jordan, Pat. A False Spring. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1975. ISBN
978-0-8032-7626-0.
^ Hank Aaron and the Home Run that changed America, Tom Stanton, p.142, ISBN
978-0-06-072290-6
^ His average was .319, .007 behind the leader, Tommy Davis.
^ Aaron was 34 years, five months and nine days old. Jimmy Foxx was the youngest
to reach the mark at the time. Since then, Alex Rodriguez has become the
youngest to reach this mark.
^ Hank Aaron and the Home Run that changed America, Tom Stanton, p.202, ISBN
978-0-06-072290-6
^ Hank Aaron and the Home Run that changed America, Tom Stanton, p.129, ISBN
978-0-06-072290-6
^ Hank Aaron and the Home Run that changed America, Tom Stanton, p.130, ISBN
978-0-06-072290-6
^ Hank Aaron and the Home Run that changed America, Tom Stanton, p.62, ISBN
978-0-06-072290-6
^ Hank Aaron and the Home Run that changed America, Tom Stanton, p.179, ISBN
978-0-06-072290-6
^ Hank Aaron and the Home Run that changed America, Tom Stanton, p.64, ISBN
978-0-06-072290-6
^ Grizzard, Lewis, "If I Ever Get Back to Georgia, I'm Gonna Nail My Feet to the
Ground", p. 239-40
^ Leggett, William. "A Tortured Road to 715." Sports Illustrated, p.28, May 28,
1973.
^ Hank Aaron and the Home Run that changed America, Tom Stanton, p.25
^ New Georgia Encyclopedia, "Hank Aaron"
^ Braunstein, Arnie. Hank Aaron Player Profile. BaseballLibrary.com. Retrieved
on 2007-02-01.
^ a b c Schwartz, Larry. Hammerin' back at racism. ESPN Classic. Retrieved on
2007-02-01.
^ Blum, Ronald. "Braves' Sale Approved by Baseball Owners", Associated Press,
May 16, 2007.
^ "Hank Aaron will have new role with new Atlanta Braves", Associated Press, May
18, 2007.
^ Hank Aaron Timeline. The Sporting News. Retrieved on 2007-02-01.
^ History of the Hank Aaron Award. MLB.com. Retrieved on 2007-02-01.
^ Baseball's 100 Greatest Players. The Sporting News. Retrieved on 2007-02-01.
^ Major League Baseball All-Century Team. Baseball Almanac. Retrieved on
2007-02-01.
^ President Bush Announces the Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
White House. Retrieved on 2007-02-01.
^ Hank Aaron Biography. Retrieved on 2007-02-01.
^ Hank Aaron Automotive Group. Retrieved on 2007-02-01.
^ Charles Schwab Super Bowl XXXVI ad. Retrieved on 2007-07-31.
****
Source: Wikipedia.org at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Aaron
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